Wildlife Enhancement on Prince Edward Island
Bluebead lily (Clintonia borealis)

Background:

When people talk of wildflowers, they generally mention lovely colours, fragrances, or leaves. The bluebead lily is a woodland wildflower deserving of kindly words, but not just for its striking appearance. It is important habitat for one of our migratory woodland warblers.

Bluebead lily.

The broad, fleshly leaves at the base give way to a single stem topped with pale yellow flowers in the spring, when it is often referred to as the corn lily. In the fall, those flowers turn into beautiful, though toxic, bright blue berries. These lilies often grow in dense mats in the forest, creating a wonderful natural landscape.

As if that wasn't enough, they also provide excellent habitat for the ovenbird, a migratory warbler that nests on the ground. The nest has a roof on it and an opening in front, reminiscent of a Dutch oven. Like all ground nesting birds, these warblers are easy prey for a variety of nest-robbers, including cats, foxes, raccoons and blue jays. To counter these threats, the ovenbird often makes its nest in a dense patch of bluebead lily - the fleshy, overhanging leaves hide and protect the nest.

Bluebead lily fruit.

like trilliums, the bluebead lily can easily be grown from seed, and the young plants then can be placed in woodlands that have few or no seed sources. They are widely adaptable, preferring mixed woodlands with dappled light, but they can also grow thrive in older conifer stands. In areas with bluebead lilies, it is important to keep to the trails (or if there are no trails, skirt the patches) to avoid walking on the plants. This helps conserve both the plants themselves and any nesting ovenbirds.

There are a host of excellent books on wildflowers, both identification and propagation.

Art, Henry W. A Garden of Wildflowers: 101 Native Species and How to Grow Them. Storey Communications, Inc., Pownel, VT, 1986.

Clough, Katherine. Wildflowers of Prince Edward Island. Ragweed Press, Charlottetown, 1992.

Erskine, D.S., et al. The Plants of Prince Edward Island. Minister of Supplies and Services Canada, Ottawa, 1985.

Peterson, Roger Tory. A Field Guide to Wild- flowers. Houghton Mifflin Co, Boston, 1968.

The Island Nature Trust is very active in cataloguing and protecting native Island plants. Call 566-9150. The Macphail Woods Ecological Forestry Project is growing wildflowers and also has an excellent collection of books on the subject. Call 651-2575.

The Macphail Woods Ecological Forestry Project, a member of the Island Sustainable Forest Partnership Cooperative with assistance from Natural Resources Canada, the Canadian Forest Service and the Model Forest Program have put together this series of information sheets concerning Wildlife Enhancement on Prince Edward Island. Thanks to Beth Hoar from GreenThumb Photography. Web development and maintenance by Chris Martin.